A human integrin beta 1 subunit with a unique cytoplasmic domain generated by alternative mRNA processing

The integrin subunit (beta 1) is common to a group of plasma membrane glycoprotein heterodimers that include the fibronectin, laminin and collagen receptors. These receptors span the plasma membrane, providing a transmembrane linkage between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Here, we describe a variant of the human beta 1 differing from the previously described beta 1 in the cytoplasmic domain. The variant beta 1 transcript (beta 13'v) is present in different cell types and is synthesized at lower levels compared to the beta 1 mRNA. The cytoplasmic domain of the beta 13'v is characterized by a unique 12-amino acid C-terminal sequence. A Tyr residue present in this region, and known to be phosphorylated in the beta 1, is no longer part of a consensus sequence for phosphorylation by Tyr kinases. The integrin cytoplasmic domain anchors actin fibrils to the plasma membrane by interacting with cytoskeletal proteins such as talin and fibulin. The integrin beta 13'v with the variant cytoplasmic domain is likely to mediate a new type of membrane-cytoskeleton interaction during cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Analysis of genomic clones showed that the new sequences of the variant mRNA are identical to an intron located between the last two exons of the beta 1 gene, indicating that the alternative message is generated either by premature transcription termination or by lack of splicing at this site.