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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Pleural effusion in pulmonary embolism.

Serhat Findik1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. serhatfindik1@yahoo.com

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is often overlooked in patients with pleural effusion. Spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the best diagnostic tool for PE in these cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent and life-threatening condition with a high risk of recurrence and long-term morbidity.
  • PE is often underdiagnosed, particularly in patients presenting with pleural effusion.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the association between pulmonary embolism and pleural effusion.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of imaging modalities in detecting PE in patients with pleural effusion.
  • To discuss the management of pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary embolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on pulmonary embolism and pleural effusion.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques, specifically spiral computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).
  • Analysis of the characteristics of pleural effusions associated with PE.

    • Main Results:

    • Pleuritic chest pain in patients with pleural effusion strongly suggests pulmonary embolism.
    • Pleural effusions in PE are typically exudative, often hemorrhagic, and show mesothelial hyperplasia.
    • Spiral CTPA is effective in detecting emboli in various sizes of pulmonary arteries in patients with pleural effusion.

    Conclusions:

    • Pulmonary embolism is a likely cause of many undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions.
    • Spiral CTPA is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing PE in patients with pleural effusion.
    • Treatment for PE-related pleural effusion follows standard PE treatment protocols.