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Updated: May 23, 2026

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
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Published on: November 27, 2017

Sample size considerations in human muscle architecture studies.

Lori J Tuttle1, Samuel R Ward, Richard L Lieber

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Human muscle architecture studies require varied sample sizes based on anatomical region. This meta-analysis highlights significant variability in muscle fiber length, emphasizing the need for region-specific sample size calculations in research.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Meta-analysis of human muscle architecture literature.
  • Analysis of muscle number, subject count, and muscle fiber length coefficient of variation (CV) by body region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Provide recommendations for sample sizes in dissection-based muscle architecture studies.
  • Inform researchers on the variability in human muscle architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 published studies.
  • Extraction and analysis of data on muscle count, subject count, and muscle fiber length CV.
  • Statistical analysis to determine average values and variability across studies and regions.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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  • An average of 9 ± 10 muscles and 9 ± 5 subjects were reported across the analyzed studies.
  • High variability in average muscle fiber length CV (18% ± 5%) was observed across all studies.
  • Demonstrated that required sample sizes for adequate statistical power vary significantly by anatomical region.

Conclusions:

  • Muscle architecture studies must account for regional variability in muscle characteristics.
  • Effect size and anatomical region are critical factors in determining appropriate sample sizes.
  • Recommendations are made for sample size calculations in future dissection-based muscle architecture research.