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Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Screening People on Standing Balance with Romberg Testing and Walking Balance with Tandem Walking
06:28

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Published on: September 1, 2023

Cognitive processing and body balance in elderly subjects with vestibular dysfunction.

Giovanna Cristina dos Santos Caixeta1, Flávia Doná, Juliana Maria Gazzola

  • 1Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo-UNIBAN, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chronic vestibular dysfunction in older adults is linked to poorer body balance and cognitive function. This study found that impaired balance correlates with reduced cognitive skills in elderly patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Vestibular Science

Background:

  • Chronic vestibular dysfunction is common in the elderly.
  • This condition can lead to abnormal body balance and cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive processing and body balance in elderly individuals with chronic peripheral vestibular disease.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included 76 patients over 60 with chronic peripheral vestibular dysfunction.
  • Body balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Timed Up and Go Tests (TUGT, TUGTm).
  • Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (RT), and Verbal Fluency Test (VF).

Main Results:

  • Significant negative correlations were observed between cognitive tests (MMSE, VF) and balance tests (TUGT, TUGTm).
  • Positive correlations were found between the Clock Drawing Test (RT) and balance measures (BBS, DGI), and between Verbal Fluency (VF) and BBS/DGI.
  • Results indicate that poorer balance performance is associated with cognitive impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Elderly patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease demonstrate functional impairments in cognitive skills.
  • Worse performance in body balance tests is linked to cognitive deficits in this population.