Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026
12:55
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Self-controlled feedback enhances learning in adults with Down syndrome.
Suzete Chiviacowsky1, Gabriele Wulf, Camila Machado
1School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. schivi@terra.com.br
Summary
Self-controlled practice enhances motor learning in adults with Down syndrome. Providing feedback upon request improved task acquisition compared to a yoked control group.
Area of Science:
- Motor Learning
- Cognitive Rehabilitation
Background:
- Self-controlled practice is a known learning enhancer in typical individuals.
- Investigating learning strategies for individuals with Down syndrome is crucial for inclusive education and rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if self-controlled feedback benefits motor learning in adults with Down syndrome.
- To compare self-controlled feedback to a yoked control in this population.
Main Methods:
- Adults with Down syndrome practiced a linear positioning task.
- One group received feedback on demand (self-control group).
- A yoked group received identical feedback schedules without control.
Main Results:
- The self-control group showed superior learning on a delayed retention test.
- Performance was assessed via a 10-trial retention test without feedback.
Conclusions:
- Self-controlled feedback significantly improved motor learning in adults with Down syndrome.
- This finding supports the application of self-controlled practice in this population.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem: self-efficacy,...
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
01:20Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
01:25Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
01:24Effects of feedback
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...