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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
08:02

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Published on: October 19, 2013

Pulmonary endothelial cell NOX.

Rachel Damico1, Javier J Zulueta, Paul M Hassoun

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impact cellular homeostasis and disease. Vascular NOX enzymes in the lung generate ROS, influencing endothelial cell function and contributing to lung diseases.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
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ROS Live Cell Imaging During Neuronal Development
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ROS Live Cell Imaging During Neuronal Development

Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for cellular homeostasis but can cause damage when in excess.
  • ROS-mediated oxidation affects proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, impacting cellular functions and gene expression.
  • Vascular reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a primary source of ROS in the lung.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) NOX enzymes in lung health and disease.
  • To highlight the impact of NOX-derived ROS on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.
  • To consolidate current understanding of NOX in the intact lung.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pulmonary EC NOX.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ROS in the pulmonary vasculature.
  • Examination of NOX's role in EC activation and function.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary vascular ROS generation by NOX is critical for EC activation and function.
  • Altered EC phenotype due to ROS contributes to vascular tone, permeability, and inflammation.
  • NOX-derived ROS are implicated in lung diseases like pulmonary hypertension and ARDS.

Conclusions:

  • NOX enzymes are significant contributors to ROS in the pulmonary vasculature.
  • NOX-derived ROS play a key role in endothelial cell function and lung disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate NOX's role in pulmonary EC biology and disease.