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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...

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Using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) to Develop Diagnostic Tools
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Engaging basic scientists in translational research: identifying opportunities, overcoming obstacles.

Jennifer A Hobin1, Anne M Deschamps, Richard Bockman

  • 1Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA. jhobin@faseb.org

Journal of Translational Medicine
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Basic scientists can advance translational research by overcoming participation obstacles. This symposium explored opportunities and strategies for enhancing their involvement in translational science initiatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Experimental Biology
  • Translational Research

Background:

  • The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) convened a symposium on March 24-25, 2011.
  • The symposium focused on the engagement of basic scientists in translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the benefits of involving basic scientists in translational research.
  • To identify challenges hindering basic scientists' participation in translational research.
  • To explore the roles of various stakeholders in overcoming these challenges.

Main Methods:

  • The report is based on discussions and findings from the FASEB symposium.
  • Participants analyzed opportunities and obstacles related to basic scientist engagement.

Main Results:

  • Key benefits of basic scientist involvement in translational research were identified.
  • Significant challenges to participation were discussed.
  • Potential roles for institutions, funders, societies, and publishers were outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging basic scientists is crucial for advancing translational research.
  • Addressing identified obstacles requires collaborative efforts from multiple stakeholders.
  • Strategic initiatives can facilitate greater participation and success in translational science.