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Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
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Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Steroid biosynthesis and prostate cancer.

Nima Sharifi1, Richard J Auchus

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Steroids
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Understanding androgen synthesis in prostate cancer is crucial. This review details androgen production pathways, aiding the development of next-generation treatments for this disease.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Androgen synthesis pathways are well-studied, but minor routes contributing to androgen production remain unclear.
  • Androgen's role in prostate development and cancer is long established, leading to current treatment strategies.
  • Despite therapeutic successes, androgen sources and synthesis routes in prostate cancer, especially castration-resistant forms, are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major and alternative androgen biosynthesis pathways.
  • To examine androgen precursor flux in prostate cancer.
  • To identify therapeutic targets for next-generation prostate cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major 19-carbon steroid synthesis pathways in adrenal glands and gonads.

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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis
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An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

Published on: September 18, 2013

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
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  • Analysis of peripheral pathways leading to active androgens.
  • Examination of recent data on androgen precursor flux in prostate cancer.

    • Main Results:

    • Major androgen synthesis pathways are described, with emerging data on minor or alternative routes.
    • Androgen dependence is key in prostate cancer, yet its precise sources in castration-resistant disease are debated.
    • Similarities and differences between glandular and prostate cancer androgen synthesis are emerging.

    Conclusions:

    • A unified understanding of androgen generation in prostate cancer is still lacking.
    • Emerging data on androgen synthesis pathways offers insights into novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Further research into androgen production is vital for advancing prostate cancer treatment.