Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

Overview

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Use of Race in eGFR: Why Racial Justice Requires Accuracy.

The American journal of medicine·2021
Same author

Axiomatic opportunities and obstacles for inferring a species tree from gene trees.

Systematic biology·2014
Same author

Species concepts should not conflict with evolutionary history, but often do.

Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences·2008
Same author

Why non-uniform priors on clades are both unavoidable and unobjectionable.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2007
Same journal

Mathematical frameworks for left ventricular assist device therapy: Ventricular mechanics, blood rheology, haemodynamics, control, and nonlinear dynamics.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Biological functions of BAF57, its role in disease pathogenesis, and treatment: From molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Photonics-integrated and AI-enhanced medical sensing: From molecular diagnostics to real-time cell therapy monitoring.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Uncovering the Biological Mechanisms of TREM2 with Molecular Simulations: A Comprehensive Review and Perspective.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Advances in artificial joint testing driven by in situ mechanical characterization: From permeability of porous structures to dynamic wear monitoring.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
Same journal

Proteostasis-driven redox adaptation in ferroptosis: the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 axis.

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Objective and subjective probability in gene expression.

Joel D Velasco1

  • 1California Institute of Technology, Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. joel@joelvelasco.net

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines probability interpretations in stochastic gene expression models. It argues that probabilities are neither purely objective nor subjective, but exhibit features of both, challenging common assumptions.

More Related Videos

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
10:50

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
08:14

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards
10:50

Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards

Published on: February 25, 2017

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
08:14

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Stochastic models are widely used to describe gene expression.
  • The interpretation of probability in these models is debated.
  • Distinguishing between models and the underlying reality is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether probabilities in stochastic gene expression models are objective or subjective.
  • To challenge the assumption that stochastic models imply inherently stochastic processes.
  • To re-evaluate the objective vs. subjective dichotomy for probability interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of probability statements.
  • Distinction between scientific models and empirical reality.
  • Examination of probability features in gene expression models.

Main Results:

  • Stochastic models do not necessarily mean processes are inherently stochastic.
  • The objective vs. subjective distinction for probability is a false dichotomy in this context.
  • Probabilities in gene expression models display characteristics of both objectivity and subjectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The interpretation of probability in stochastic gene expression models is nuanced.
  • A rigid objective/subjective classification is inadequate.
  • Gene expression probabilities possess hybrid objective and subjective qualities.