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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
14:57

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology

Published on: March 23, 2011

Aging, synaptic dysfunction, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1.

Ferenc Deak1, William E Sonntag

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 impacts brain information processing and synaptic function, potentially influencing cognitive decline in aging. Further research into IGF-1

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Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
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Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology
14:57

Preparation of Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rats and Transgenic Mice for the Study of Synaptic Alterations during Aging and Amyloid Pathology

Published on: March 23, 2011

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices
07:44

Evaluation of Synapse Density in Hippocampal Rodent Brain Slices

Published on: October 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 is a neurotrophic hormone.
  • IGF-1 deficiency is linked to cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly.
  • The role of IGF-1 in brain function is complex, with conflicting reports on its effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory.
  • To discuss the effects of IGF-1 on synaptic communication.
  • To explore the potential of IGF-1 in improving cognitive function in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on IGF-1, synaptic function, learning, and memory.
  • Analysis of research on the aging brain and cognitive decline.
  • Synthesis of data on IGF-1's role in neural information processing.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic function declines with age.
  • IGF-1 plays a role in information processing in the brain.
  • Synaptic effects are central to IGF-1's influence on learning and memory.

Conclusions:

  • IGF-1 has a significant impact on synaptic communication, learning, and memory.
  • Understanding IGF-1's specific actions may lead to therapies for age-related cognitive decline.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate IGF-1's therapeutic potential for the elderly.