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Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes

Enrichment of Bruch's Membrane from Human Donor Eyes

Published on: November 15, 2015

Complement dysregulation in AMD: RPE-Bruch's membrane-choroid.

Janet R Sparrow¹, Keiko Ueda, Jilin Zhou

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. jrs88@columbia.edu

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

|April 17, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, influenced by genetics and lifestyle. Understanding AMD pathogenesis involves studying aging, complement factor H gene variants, and oxidation products.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant cause of blindness in the USA.
While genetic factors contribute to AMD, lifestyle and aging processes also play crucial roles.
The Y402H allele in the complement factor H gene is a widely studied polymorphism linked to AMD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of current knowledge regarding factors involved in AMD pathogenesis.
To discuss the role of aging processes, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle factors in AMD.
To highlight the potential role of oxidation products in promoting AMD.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current knowledge on AMD pathogenesis.
Analysis of genetic associations, including complement factor H gene variants.
Discussion of lifestyle factors (diet, smoking) and aging processes.

Main Results:

Genetic factors, such as complement factor H gene polymorphisms, account for a portion of AMD heritability.
Unregulated complement activation may contribute to AMD in some cases.
Lifestyle factors and aging processes, particularly oxidation, are implicated in AMD development.

Conclusions:

AMD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and aging.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying AMD.
Oxidation products represent a potential area of focus for understanding and potentially preventing AMD.