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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes
08:58

Fluorimetric Techniques for the Assessment of Sperm Membranes

Published on: November 28, 2018

Spermicidal agents.

H C Shah1, P Tatke, K K Singh

  • 1C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Mumbai, India.

Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring new vaginal contraceptives with potent spermicides beyond the currently marketed Nonoxynol. Various compounds show promising in vitro spermicidal activity, highlighting the need for novel safe spermicide development.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
05:44

Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm

Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology
  • Contraception Development

Background:

  • Development of vaginal contraceptives incorporating potent spermicides is an active area of research.
  • Numerous compounds with diverse pharmacological activities have been assessed for spermicidal potential.
  • Nonoxynol remains the sole marketed spermicidal agent, indicating a need for alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the in vitro spermicidal activity of various compounds.
  • To identify potential alternative spermicidal agents for future contraceptive development.
  • To highlight the ongoing need for safe and effective spermicide research.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of various drug classes for spermicidal activity in vitro.
  • Review of compounds including surface-active agents, ionophores, antiliquefying agents, and miscellaneous agents.
  • Assessment of specific agents like gossypol, Azadirachta indica, and vanadocenes.

Main Results:

  • Multiple compounds, including synthetic and natural surface-active agents, ionophores, antiliquefying agents, antimicrobial agents, gossypol, Azadirachta indica, and vanadocenes, demonstrated significant in vitro spermicidal activity.
  • These findings confirm the potential of diverse chemical entities as spermicides.

Conclusions:

  • A wide range of compounds exhibit promising spermicidal properties in laboratory settings.
  • There is a clear and continuing need for the development of novel, safe spermicidal agents.
  • Further research into these compounds could lead to next-generation vaginal contraceptives.