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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
04:18

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

Antimicrobials for preterm birth prevention: an overview.

Akila Subramaniam1, Adi Abramovici, William W Andrews

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA. akila.subramaniam@gmail.com

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotics do not prevent preterm birth (PTB). A review of clinical trials found mixed results, and routine antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for preventing PTB.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant mortality and illness.
  • Infection is a known risk factor for PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature on antibiotic use for PTB prevention.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics in preventing PTB.

Main Methods:

  • PubMed database search for clinical trials and meta-analyses (1990-2011).
  • Keywords: "antibiotics or antimicrobials" and "preterm."
  • Full-text review of 31 selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-seven abstracts were initially identified.
  • Thirty-one studies (26 trials, 5 meta-analyses) were reviewed.
  • Antibiotic use for PTB prevention yielded mixed results, with no clear overall benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Routine antibiotic prophylaxis is not advised for PTB prevention.
  • Further research may be needed to clarify specific scenarios, if any, where antibiotics could be beneficial.