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Related Concept Videos

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...

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Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Diagnostic delay in REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).

Caroline White1, Elizabeth A Hill, Ian Morrison

  • 1Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Diagnostic delay in REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is significant, often due to a lack of understanding about the condition and its treatments. This impacts patient care and timely intervention for this REM sleep parasomnia.

Keywords:
REM sleep behavior disorderclonazepamdelayed diagnosismelatoninparasomniasparkinsonian disorderspolysomnographysleep-related violence

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Parasomnias

Background:

  • REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by the loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep.
  • This parasomnia can lead to dangerous behaviors during sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the existence of diagnostic delay in REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
  • To identify factors contributing to delayed diagnosis in RBD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 49 RBD patients' records from a tertiary referral center (2005-2011).
  • Exclusion of patients with comorbid narcolepsy.
  • A questionnaire was administered to assess diagnostic delay, management, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • A mean diagnostic delay of 8.7 years was observed in 30 questionnaire responders.
  • Common reasons for delay included underestimation of symptom severity (59%), infrequent symptoms (56%), and lack of treatment knowledge (47%).
  • Bed partner influence was significant, with joint decision-making to seek care in 47% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Significant diagnostic delay in RBD is confirmed.
  • Lack of patient and medical professional understanding of RBD and its treatments contributes to this delay.