Rothia dentocariosa repeat and relapsing peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: a case report and literature review

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology

Background:

• Peritonitis is a frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), often leading to technique failure.
• Recurrent peritonitis, defined as repeat or relapsing infections by the same organism, is a major cause of PD failure.
• Rothia dentocariosa is an uncommon pathogen, rarely implicated in infections, especially peritonitis.

Observation:

• A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis developed recurrent peritonitis.
• The causative organism was identified as Rothia dentocariosa, a rare pathogen in this context.
• The peritonitis exhibited characteristics of both repeat and relapsing infection.

Findings:

• Rothia dentocariosa peritonitis, though rare, can lead to repeat and relapsing infections in PD patients.
• Successful treatment with antimicrobial therapy was achieved in this case.
• The patient's PD technique was preserved despite the recurrent peritonitis.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of identifying and treating rare pathogens like Rothia dentocariosa in PD peritonitis.
• Effective antimicrobial management can prevent PD technique failure in cases of uncommon recurrent peritonitis.
• Further research may be warranted to understand the specific mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for Rothia dentocariosa peritonitis.