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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Cesni-cel (ARI0002h) in ultra-high-risk multiple myeloma with plasma cell leukaemia or central nervous system involvement.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
10:04

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Published on: May 1, 2015

Multiple myeloma: treatment evolution.

Jesus F San Miguel1, Maria Victoria Mateos, Enrique Ocio

  • 1Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitatio de Salamanca, CIC, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Spain. sanmigiz@usal.es

Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|April 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) evolved slowly until the 2000s. New agents like immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors revolutionized MM therapy, improving patient outcomes significantly.

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Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
09:41

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

Published on: July 15, 2015

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis
10:04

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Published on: May 1, 2015

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
05:32

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An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
09:41

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells

Published on: July 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Melphalan-prednisone (MP) was the standard for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment since the 1960s.
  • Chemotherapy combinations (VAD, VBAD, VCMP) offered minimal survival benefits over MP for MM patients.
  • Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) improved survival for younger MM patients, but MP remained standard for the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of multiple myeloma treatment.
  • To highlight the stagnation in MM therapy for decades.
  • To introduce the impact of novel agents in the 21st century.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of multiple myeloma treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of meta-analysis data including over 6000 patients.
  • Historical overview of therapeutic advancements in MM.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy combinations showed marginal response rate increases but no survival difference compared to MP.
  • High-dose melphalan with ASCT significantly improved disease-free and overall survival in younger MM patients.
  • The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide, lenalidomide) and bortezomib marked a significant therapeutic shift.

Conclusions:

  • MM treatment saw limited progress for approximately 30 years post-MP introduction.
  • ASCT offered a survival advantage for eligible MM patients.
  • Novel agents since 2000 have revolutionized MM treatment, offering new hope and improved outcomes.