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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete.

Jason J Jancosko¹, Jack E Kazanjian

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA. jjancosko@yahoo.com

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

|April 18, 2012

Summary

Throwing athletes face more shoulder injuries due to early sports specialization. Understanding throwing biomechanics and shoulder anatomy is key for effective diagnosis and treatment, including rehabilitation and surgery.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Biomechanics

Background:

Shoulder injuries in throwing athletes are increasing.
Factors include early sports specialization, increased awareness, and diagnostic/surgical advances.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the anatomy, biomechanics, and pathoanatomy of the throwing shoulder.
To aid clinicians in diagnosing and treating throwing-related shoulder injuries.

Main Methods:

Review of relevant anatomy and biomechanics of the throwing shoulder.
Discussion of common pathologies in throwing athletes.
Explanation of the kinetic chain's role in rehabilitation.

Main Results:

Understanding biomechanics and anatomy is crucial for diagnosis.
The kinetic chain aids nonoperative rehabilitation.
Surgical reconstruction is reserved for cases unresponsive to nonoperative treatment.

Conclusions:

Effective management of throwing athlete shoulder injuries requires knowledge of biomechanics and anatomy.
Nonoperative and operative treatments should be tailored to individual pathology.
Rehabilitation strategies should consider the entire kinetic chain.