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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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What is the Immune System?

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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

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Immunity in society: diverse solutions to common problems.

Simon A Babayan1, David S Schneider

  • 1Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. s.babayan@ed.ac.uk

Plos Biology
|April 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Social ants actively immunize their nestmates against fungal infections, demonstrating transferable immunity in invertebrates. This research highlights diverse evolutionary strategies for group protection against disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Social Insect Behavior

Background:

  • Understanding infection resistance is crucial for medicine and public health.
  • Immune specificity and memory are key to vertebrate vaccination and herd immunity.
  • Invertebrates, lacking vertebrate immune mechanisms, are increasingly showing forms of immune memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immune memory and its transfer in social invertebrates.
  • To explore fungus-specific immune responses in social ants.
  • To understand group-level benefits of active immunization in ant colonies.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of ant colony behavior and immune responses.
  • Experimental exposure of ants to fungal pathogens.
  • Analysis of immune memory transfer between infected and naive ants.

Main Results:

  • Social ants exhibit fungus-specific immune responses.
  • Infected ants actively transfer immunity to their nestmates.
  • This active immunization protects the colony from fungal infection.

Conclusions:

  • Invertebrates possess sophisticated immune memory mechanisms.
  • Active immunization and immunity transfer can evolve in social insects.
  • These findings reveal diverse evolutionary pathways for achieving group immunity.