Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

[Relationship between birth month and ocular refraction noted during eye disease checkups for

Koji Matsuda1, Tsuranu Yokoyama, Kyoko Matsuda

  • 1Matsuda Eye Clinic, Japan. matuda@osaka.med.or.jp

Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi
|April 19, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Children born in autumn showed a tendency towards hyperopia, indicating a link between birth season and ocular refraction in young children. This finding suggests environmental factors may influence refractive development.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Ocular refraction development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Understanding early-life influences on refractive error is crucial for preventing vision impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth month and ocular refraction in 3.5-year-old children.
  • To determine if seasonal birth patterns correlate with refractive outcomes in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed refractive data from 487 children aged 3.5 years in Kishiwada, Japan.
  • Calculated mean refractive values by birth month and analyzed graphically.
  • Utilized Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to assess relationships between birth season and refraction.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference in refraction was observed across birth seasons (p = 0.008).
  • Children born in autumn exhibited a trend towards hyperopia (mean refraction +0.133 D).
  • Subjects born in September and October showed a slight shift towards hyperopia.

Conclusions:

  • A significant relationship exists between birth season and ocular refraction in 3.5-year-old children.
  • Autumn births are associated with a higher prevalence of hyperopia in this cohort.
  • Seasonal influences may play a role in early refractive development.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...