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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Measles, mumps, and rubella.

Sarah J White1, Kristi L Boldt, Sara J Holditch

  • 1Mayo Clinic Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|April 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination before pregnancy prevents adverse effects in nonimmune pregnant women and their newborns. Postpartum MMR immunization is recommended for eligible obstetric patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Measles, mumps, and rubella pose risks to nonimmune pregnant individuals and their fetuses.
  • Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccination is crucial for preventing these viral diseases.
  • MMR vaccine is contraindicated during pregnancy due to live, attenuated viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the implications of measles, mumps, and rubella infections during pregnancy.
  • To emphasize the importance of MMR vaccination prior to conception.
  • To provide guidance on MMR immunization for obstetric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on viral infections in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of MMR vaccine contraindications and safety.
  • Guidelines for postpartum vaccination strategies.

Main Results:

  • Accidental MMR vaccination during pregnancy has not been linked to maternal or fetal complications.
  • MMR vaccination before pregnancy is the primary method for prevention.
  • Nonimmune obstetric patients are candidates for postpartum MMR immunization.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-conception MMR vaccination is essential for protecting pregnant individuals and neonates.
  • Postpartum MMR immunization is a safe and recommended practice for eligible patients.
  • Continued vigilance against measles, mumps, and rubella is necessary in obstetric care.