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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
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Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates
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Ric-8: different cellular roles for a heterotrimeric G-protein GEF.

M V Hinrichs1, M Torrejón, M Montecino

  • 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|April 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ric-8 proteins regulate cell signaling by influencing G-protein activity independently of receptors. This review explores Ric-8

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G Protein-selective GPCR Conformations Measured Using FRET Sensors in a Live Cell Suspension Fluorometer Assay

Published on: September 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cellular signaling pathways
  • Molecular biology
  • Protein regulation

Background:

  • Heterotrimeric G-protein signaling is initiated by seven transmembrane spanning receptors (GPCRs) upon agonist stimulation.
  • Emerging evidence shows Gα subunits can be activated independently of receptor interactions.
  • Ric-8 proteins are conserved regulators of heterotrimeric G-protein function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of Ric-8 in regulating diverse cellular functions.
  • To highlight the structural basis of Ric-8's regulatory activities.
  • To discuss the non-canonical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of Ric-8 on specific Gα subunits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Ric-8 protein family.
  • Analysis of Ric-8's protein structure and domain functions.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence for Ric-8's roles in cell signaling.

Main Results:

  • Ric-8 acts as a non-canonical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for a subset of Gα subunits.
  • Ric-8 mediates receptor-independent activation of G-proteins.
  • The multi-domain structure of Ric-8 is crucial for its diverse regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • Ric-8 proteins play significant roles in regulating various cellular processes.
  • Understanding Ric-8's structure-function relationship is key to elucidating its biological impact.
  • Ric-8 represents an important target for understanding G-protein signaling beyond canonical pathways.