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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
Phylogeny01:23

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis
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Phylogeny and diversification patterns among vesicomyid bivalves.

Carole Decker1, Karine Olu, Regina L Cunha

  • 1IFREMER, REM/EEP/LEP, Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Plouzané, France. carole.decker@ifremer.fr

Plos One
|April 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Phylogenetic analysis of vesicomyid bivalves using mitochondrial DNA reveals that morphological classifications may be unreliable. This suggests a need for re-evaluation of species identification in these deep-sea clams.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Vesicomyid bivalves are key symbiotic organisms in chemosynthetic ecosystems, with over 100 species described.
  • Accurate species identification is crucial for understanding their ecological roles and evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phylogenetic relationships of newly described vesicomyid bivalves from the Gulf of Guinea and compare them with Atlantic and Pacific relatives.
  • To assess the congruence between molecular data and existing morphological classifications.

Main Methods:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data were utilized for phylogenetic analysis.
  • Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree reconstruction was employed to infer evolutionary relationships.
  • Ancestral character state reconstruction was performed to analyze evolutionary patterns.

Main Results:

  • The ML phylogenetic tree showed limited support for current morphological-based taxonomic revisions.
  • Most newly sequenced specimens did not group with morphologically similar species, indicating potential misclassifications.
  • Lack of geographic clustering suggests independent evolutionary radiations and global dispersal events.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular data challenge recent morphological classifications of vesicomyid bivalves.
  • Evidence suggests recurrent 'stepwise speciation' from shallow to deep waters, correlating with depth and habitat.
  • Ongoing re-evaluation of morphological characters is necessary for accurate vesicomyid identification.