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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Autocrine Signaling01:01

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Phospholipid Mediator Induced Transformation in Three-Dimensional Cultures
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Autocrine PDGF stimulation in malignancies.

Carl-Henrik Heldin1

  • 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences
|April 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) drives tumor growth by stimulating cancer cells. Inhibiting PDGF or its receptors offers a potential therapeutic strategy for these cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms are key regulators of mesenchymal cell proliferation.
  • PDGF plays critical roles in embryonic development, wound healing, and tissue maintenance.
  • Overexpression of PDGF is frequently observed in various tumors, promoting both normal and malignant cell growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of PDGF isoforms and their tyrosine kinase receptors in tumor development.
  • To highlight the concept of autocrine PDGF signaling in cancer.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PDGF signaling pathways in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PDGF signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of the role of autocrine PDGF stimulation in tumor growth and survival.

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  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting PDGF and its receptors.

    • Main Results:

    • PDGF isoforms and their receptors are often co-expressed in tumors.
    • Autocrine stimulation by PDGF contributes significantly to tumor cell proliferation and survival.
    • Inhibitors of PDGF or its receptors show promise in preclinical and clinical settings.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting autocrine PDGF signaling represents a viable therapeutic approach for cancers characterized by PDGF overexpression.
    • Further research into PDGF pathway inhibitors could lead to novel cancer treatments.
    • Understanding PDGF's role in tumorigenesis is crucial for developing effective anti-cancer therapies.