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Related Concept Videos

Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Types Of Column Chromatography01:29

Types Of Column Chromatography

The stability and compatibility of column material with samples are crucial for efficient purification in chromatographic techniques. Various operating parameters such as pH, temperature, or solvent affect the packing of the column material, thereby determining the purification efficiency. The choice of column material also plays an essential role in deciding the operating parameters and can be modified based on the proteins that need to be purified.
Gel Filtration Chromatography
When the...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

Recent advances in column switching sample preparation in bioanalysis.

Hiroyuki Kataoka1, Keita Saito

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan. hkataoka@shujitsu.ac.jp

Bioanalysis
|April 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Column switching techniques automate sample preparation for trace enrichment, enhancing analyte determination in complex matrices. Innovations focus on new devices and materials for improved extraction efficiency in bioanalysis.

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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

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Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
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Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
10:21

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Bioanalysis

Background:

  • Column switching techniques utilize multiple stationary phase columns for automated sample preparation and trace analyte enrichment.
  • These methods enable direct sample injection or simple treatment for analysis in complex matrices.
  • Online column switching is often coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current developments and future trends in novel column switching sample preparation for bioanalysis.
  • To highlight innovative column switching techniques employing new extraction devices and materials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on column switching techniques in bioanalysis.
  • Focus on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), turbulent flow chromatography, and in-tube solid-phase microextraction.
  • Discussion of micro-/nano-sample preparation devices and new polymer-coating materials.

Main Results:

  • Column switching offers efficient trace enrichment and online automated sample preparation.
  • Various column switching configurations (e.g., cartridge, capillary) have been developed for convenience.
  • New micro-/nano-extraction devices and materials enhance extraction efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Column switching is a valuable tool for trace enrichment and sample preparation in bioanalysis.
  • Continued development of innovative devices and materials promises further advancements in extraction efficiency and analytical capabilities.