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Updated: May 23, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

P J Jongen1, A T Ter Horst, A M Brands

  • 1MS4 Research Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. ms4ri@kpnmail.nl

Minerva Medica
|April 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment affects over half of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, impacting daily life. Early treatment and lifestyle changes may help manage these neurological symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is prevalent in 40-65% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, affecting attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functions.
  • It occurs across all MS stages, including pediatric-onset MS, significantly impacting patients' personal and vocational lives.
  • Factors like depression, anxiety, and fatigue exacerbate cognitive symptoms, while cognitive reserve offers partial protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To discuss the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and neuroimaging findings in MS.
  • To explore current and potential future strategies for monitoring and managing cognitive impairment in MS patients.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of existing literature on cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Analysis of neuroimaging correlates, including MRI lesion volumes, atrophy, and cortical integrity.
  • Evaluation of screening tools and formal neuropsychological assessments for MS cognition.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive dysfunction in MS correlates with MRI lesion volumes, atrophy, and abnormalities in normal-appearing brain tissue.
  • Functional MRI suggests compensatory neural reorganization in MS patients.
  • Disease-modifying therapies may stabilize or improve cognition in relapsing-remitting MS.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment is a significant and multifaceted challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS), linked to underlying brain changes.
  • While disease-modifying drugs show promise, evidence-based symptomatic treatments and optimal non-pharmacological approaches are still lacking.
  • Cognitive reserve enhancement through leisure activities and interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, and education show potential for managing MS-related cognitive symptoms.