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Related Concept Videos

Concentration Cells01:29

Concentration Cells

A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the emf arises from a difference in concentration of a species between two half-cells. Unlike galvanic cells, where electrical energy comes from a chemical reaction, the driving force here is the transfer of matter from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. The overall process is therefore physical in nature. A classic illustration is a cell made of two chlorine electrodes operating at different chlorine gas...
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
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Single element spectral splitting solar concentrator for multiple cells CPV system.

Marco Stefancich1, Ahmed Zayan, Matteo Chiesa

  • 1Laboratory For Energy and Nano Sciences, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. mstefancich@masdar.ac.ae

Optics Express
|April 20, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel plastic prismatic structure that concentrates and splits solar light by wavelength. This approach offers a cost-effective path to high-efficiency solar energy conversion, overcoming single bandgap limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • The Shockley-Read-Hall equation limits single bandgap solar cell efficiency for broadband solar radiation.
  • Current approaches to overcome this limit involve using multiple single junction converters for different spectral parts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel, cost-effective method for enhancing solar energy conversion efficiency.
  • To overcome the Shockley-Read-Hall limit using a single, integrated optical component.

Main Methods:

  • Design and optical simulation of a plastic prismatic structure for light concentration and spectral splitting.
  • Investigation of material dispersion properties for spatial spectral separation.
  • Fabrication of the prismatic structure and preliminary experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • The plastic prismatic structure successfully concentrates solar light.
  • The structure spatially splits the light into its spectral components based on material dispersion.
  • Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.

Conclusions:

  • A single, low-cost plastic prismatic structure can simultaneously concentrate and spectrally split solar light.
  • This integrated approach shows promise for cost-effective, high-efficiency Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) systems.
  • The method offers a viable alternative to complex multi-junction solar cell designs.