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Renal interstitial hyaluronan: functional aspects during normal and pathological conditions
Sara Stridh1, Fredrik Palm, Peter Hansell
1Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Univ., Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
Summary
Hyaluronan (HA) in the kidney regulates body fluid balance, changing with hydration. Pathological conditions also alter HA levels, suggesting hyaluronidase as a potential therapy.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Biochemistry
- Extracellular Matrix Biology
Background:
- Hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, is crucial in the extracellular matrix and cellular interactions.
- Renal medullary HA content dynamically changes with hydration status, impacting fluid homeostasis.
- HA plays roles in embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of interstitial hyaluronan in kidney function during normal and pathological states.
- To explore the mechanisms behind intrarenal HA distribution and its regulation by hydration.
- To discuss HA's involvement in kidney diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on hyaluronan in renal physiology and pathology.
- Analysis of HA's physicochemical properties and interactions within the kidney interstitium.
- Examination of hormonal and growth factor regulation of HA turnover.
Main Results:
- Renomedullary HA levels increase with hydration and decrease with dehydration, affecting fluid reabsorption.
- Kidney diseases like ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetes, and transplant rejection are associated with upregulated HA.
- Hormones like ADH, nitric oxide, angiotensin II, and prostaglandins regulate HA turnover in response to hydration status.
Conclusions:
- Interstitial HA is a dynamic regulator of kidney fluid balance and homeostasis.
- Abnormal HA accumulation contributes to kidney pathology and may be a therapeutic target.
- Hyaluronidase offers a potential treatment for pathological HA overexpression, especially when diuretics are less effective.
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