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Related Experiment Videos

[Pneumopathy caused by methotrexate].

F Massin1, B Coudert, J P Marot

  • 1Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de la Trouhaude, Dijon.

Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Methotrexate can cause acute pneumonia in about 7% of patients, presenting as respiratory failure. While often reversible, especially with steroid therapy, it can rarely lead to fatal pulmonary fibrosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Oncology
  • Rheumatology

Context:

  • Methotrexate is a widely used antifolate drug for cancer chemotherapy and rheumatoid arthritis immunosuppression.
  • A characteristic acute pneumonia is a known, though uncommon, adverse effect of methotrexate therapy, documented since 1969.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis.
  • To estimate the prevalence and discuss the management and outcomes of this adverse drug reaction.

Summary:

  • This review details 78 cases of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis, estimating its prevalence at approximately 7%.
  • The condition can occur regardless of age, indication, dosage, or route of administration, presenting with dyspnea, fever, and acute respiratory failure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Radiological findings typically show diffuse interstitial opacities, and broncho-alveolar lavage reveals lymphocytosis. Histologically, an acute granulomatous reaction is common.
  • While 75% of cases resolve favorably, often with steroid therapy, 6 deaths due to respiratory failure have been reported. Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis is a rare complication.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the significant risk of acute pneumonitis associated with methotrexate, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring.
    • Provides insights into the clinical presentation, diagnostic features, and management strategies for this serious adverse event.
    • Informs clinicians about the potential for both reversible and fatal pulmonary complications, guiding treatment decisions and patient counseling.