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Human and canine blastomycosis: A common source infection.

M W Morgan¹, I E Salit

¹The Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.

The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases = Journal Canadien Des Maladies Infectieuses

|April 20, 2012

Summary

A man and dog contracted blastomycosis (a fungal infection) after visiting an Ontario island. This case highlights a potential new endemic area for blastomycosis in Canada.

Keywords:

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Area of Science:

Mycology
Veterinary Medicine
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Blastomyces.
Endemic areas are typically in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys and the St. Lawrence River valley.
Human and animal infections are often linked to environmental exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

To report a suspected common-source outbreak of blastomycosis in humans and dogs.
To identify a potential new endemic area for blastomycosis in Ontario, Canada.
To document the first Canadian report of a shared source for human and canine blastomycosis.

Main Methods:

Case investigation and clinical assessment.
Serological testing for human cases.
Veterinary diagnosis for canine cases.
Geographical and temporal analysis of exposure.

Main Results:

One human and one canine case of confirmed blastomycosis occurred in fall 1993.
An additional human case (seropositive) and four probable canine cases were identified.
All cases had visited the same island in Bayfield Inlet, Georgian Bay, during summer/early fall 1993.
This represents the first reported common source of human and canine blastomycosis in Canada.
Evidence suggests a new endemic region for blastomycosis.

Conclusions:

The island in Bayfield Inlet is a likely common source of Blastomyces exposure.
This outbreak indicates a potential new endemic area for blastomycosis in Ontario.
Simultaneous human and canine infections underscore the importance of environmental risk assessment.