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To review the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features and outcomes of Listeria monocytogenes infection in the Eastern Townships of Quebec, a retrospective study was completed over the period 1976 to 1995. Cases were identified from positive cultures and diagnosis given by the infectious diseases service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec. A total of 12 cases were in the study. Septicemia not related to pregnancy (four of 12) and meningitis (six of 12) were the major clinical presentations. There was one case of listeriosis associated with pregnancy and one case of granulomatosis infanti septica. Ten patients had at least one predisposing underlying condition. Only one death was related to L monocytogenes infection. Neurological sequelae were observed in half of the cases of meningitis, whereas no sequelae were noted in cases of septicemia. In conclusion, listeriosis is predominantly a disease of elderly and immunosuppressed patients. The clinical presentation and outcome are not different from those reported in other industrialized countries.