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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: June 2, 2022

Pathogenesis of severe asthma.

A H Poon¹, D H Eidelman, J G Martin

¹Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|April 21, 2012

Summary

Severe asthma involves complex phenotypes and cytokine pathways like IL-4/IL-13, IL-5/IL-33, and IL-17. Understanding these pathways and steroid resistance is key to managing severe allergic asthma.

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Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Mouse Model of Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Published on: June 2, 2022

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Respiratory Medicine
Molecular Biology

Background:

Severe asthma is heterogeneous, not a single phenotype.
Cytokine profiles help classify severe asthma subtypes.
Existing treatments are often insufficient for severe cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in cytokine signaling pathways in severe asthma.
To explore the interactions between these pathways.
To discuss mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in severe asthma.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epidemiological and clinical evidence.
Analysis of cytokine profiles (IL-4/IL-13, IL-5/IL-33, IL-17, IL-18, IFN-γ).
Examination of glucocorticoid resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

Specific cytokine pathways are linked to distinct severe asthma phenotypes.
IL-4/IL-13 pathway associated with allergic asthma and IgE.
IL-5/IL-33 and IL-17 pathways implicated in corticosteroid-resistant and neutrophilic asthma, respectively.
Th1 cytokines (IL-18, IFN-γ) also play a role.
Interactions among pathways contribute to diverse clinical outcomes.
Glucocorticoid resistance involves receptor dysfunction and reduced HDAC activity.

Conclusions:

Severe asthma pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple interacting cytokine pathways.
Targeting specific pathways offers potential for personalized treatment.
Understanding steroid resistance is crucial for improving therapeutic strategies in severe asthma.