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Inspirational airflow patterns in deviated noses: a numerical study.

Jian Hua Zhu1, Heow Pueh Lee, Kian Meng Lim

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Summary

External nose deviation causes anterior nasal roof collapse, increasing nasal resistance. This study evaluated airflow patterns in deviated noses using computational fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Nasal deviation affects airflow and nasal resistance.
  • External nasal deformities can impact internal nasal structures and airflow dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of external nose deviation on nasal airflow patterns.
  • To quantify changes in nasal resistance due to nasal deviation.
  • To investigate the influence of external nasal wall collapse on airflow.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of nasal cavity models from CT images of undeviated and deviated noses (S-shaped, C-shaped, slanted).
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed at 167 and 500 ml/s flow rates.
  • Artificial reopening of collapsed turbinate regions in deviated models to isolate external deviation effects.

Main Results:

  • External nose deviation leads to anterior nasal roof collapse.
  • Deviated noses exhibit significantly higher nasal resistance compared to healthy noses.
  • High wall shear stress was observed around the collapsed anterior nasal roof.
  • Airflow patterns in original deviated and reopened models showed similar distributions.

Conclusions:

  • External nose deviation is linked to anterior nasal roof collapse and increased nasal resistance.
  • External nasal crookedness significantly increases nasal resistance.
  • Internal airway blockage along turbinates further exacerbates nasal resistance in deviated cases.