Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 23, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
A method for partitioning the attributable fraction of multiple time-dependent coexisting risk factors for an adverse
Haiqun Lin1, Heather G Allore, Gail McAvay
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. haiqun.lin@yale.edu
Objectives:
We decomposed the total effect of coexisting diseases on a timed occurrence of an adverse outcome into additive effects from individual diseases.
Methods:
In a cohort of older adults enrolled in the Precipitating Events Project in New Haven County, Connecticut, we assessed a longitudinal extension of the average attributable fraction method (LE-AAF) to estimate the additive and order-free contributions of multiple diseases to the timed occurrence of a health outcome, with right censoring, which may be useful when relationships among diseases are complex. We partitioned the contribution to death into additive LE-AAFs for multiple diseases.
Results:
The onset of heart failure and acute episodes of pneumonia during follow-up contributed the most to death, with the overall LE-AAFs equal to 13.0% and 12.1%, respectively. The contribution of preexisting diseases decreased over the years, with a trend of increasing contribution from new onset of diseases.
Conclusions:
LE-AAF can be useful for determining the additive and order-free contribution of individual time-varying diseases to a time-to-event outcome.
Related Concept Videos
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Hazard Rate
Relative Risk
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Odds Ratio
Hazard Ratio
For example, in a clinical trial evaluating a...
