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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Quantitative and Temporal Control of Oxygen Microenvironment at the Single Islet Level
11:49

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Published on: November 17, 2013

Gas biology: tiny molecules controlling metabolic systems.

Mayumi Kajimura1, Tsuyoshi Nakanishi, Toshiki Takenouchi

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. myk30@z5.keio.jp

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Small gaseous molecules significantly impact metabolic systems and organ functions. Advanced technologies now enable detailed in vivo studies of these gas signaling pathways and their metabolic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Gaseous molecules are recognized signaling mediators in physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Detailed in vivo mechanisms of gas actions remain unclear due to complex interactions and technical limitations.
  • Gas signaling involves metalloprotein reactions and cysteine thiol modifications, presenting challenges in target identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how small gaseous molecules interact with metabolic systems.
  • To elaborate on the control of organ functions, including cerebral vascular tone and energy metabolism, by gas mediators.
  • To highlight advanced technologies for exploring in vivo gas-responsive regulatory processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced technologies for in vivo studies of gas-responsive processes.
  • Employing imaging mass spectrometry for spatio-temporal metabolite profiling.
  • Combining capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry with metabolomics for quantitative analysis.
  • Analyzing metabolic footprints in murine models with targeted gene deletions to identify gas action sites.

Main Results:

  • Advanced technologies provide new avenues to explore gas signaling in vivo.
  • Metabolomic and imaging mass spectrometry approaches reveal spatio-temporal metabolic profiles.
  • Deletion studies help pinpoint the in vivo sites of action for specific gaseous mediators.
  • These methods facilitate understanding of gas-mediated control over organ functions.

Conclusions:

  • Small gaseous molecules are critical regulators of metabolic systems and organ functions.
  • New technological advancements are crucial for elucidating complex in vivo gas signaling mechanisms.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering physiological and pathological processes involving gas mediators.