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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Immunofluorescent Labeling in Nasal Mucosa Tissue Sections of Allergic Rhinitis Rats via Multicolor Immunoassay
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Local allergic rhinitis: concept, pathophysiology, and management.

Carmen Rondón1, Paloma Campo, Alkis Togias

  • 1Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain. carmenrs61@gmail.com

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) involves a localized nasal allergic response without systemic atopy. Diagnosis requires a nasal allergen provocation test, as skin tests and serum IgE are not useful for identifying culprit allergens.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergology and Immunology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a distinct nasal allergic condition.
  • It is characterized by local IgE production and specific immune responses in the nasal mucosa.
  • Patients previously diagnosed with nonallergic or idiopathic rhinitis may now be classified as having LAR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the characteristics of Local Allergic Rhinitis (LAR).
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and methods for LAR.
  • To discuss potential associations and future research directions for LAR.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on a positive nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT).
  • Nasal biopsies show a T(H)2 pattern of cell infiltration.
  • Local specific IgE (sIgE) may be detected in some cases.

Main Results:

  • LAR is identified by local nasal allergic reactions to aeroallergens like house dust mites and pollens.
  • Neither skin prick tests nor serum sIgE levels are effective for LAR diagnosis.
  • Nasal allergen provocation tests are crucial for identifying specific allergens in LAR patients.

Conclusions:

  • Local allergic rhinitis is a localized allergic response without systemic atopy.
  • Nasal allergen provocation testing is essential for accurate diagnosis of LAR.
  • Further research is needed to establish prevalence, refine diagnostics, and develop treatments, including immunotherapy for LAR.