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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

Published on: March 11, 2022

Chirality based sensor for bisphenol A detection.

Zhou Xu¹, Liguang Xu, Yingyue Zhu

¹School of Food Science & Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|April 21, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel platform for chirality detection uses nanoparticle assembly for sensitive analysis. This method achieves a low limit of detection for targets like bisphenol A (BPA), enabling precise chiral sensing.

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A Micropatterning Assay for Measuring Cell Chirality

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Chirality detection is crucial in pharmaceuticals and environmental monitoring.
Existing methods often lack sensitivity or universality.
Nanoparticle-based approaches offer potential for enhanced detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a universal platform for chirality detection.
To utilize immuno-recognition-driven nanoparticle assembly for signal amplification.
To demonstrate the platform's efficacy using a model target.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a universal chirality detection platform.
Assembly of asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle dimers.
Immuno-recognition for target-specific nanoparticle aggregation.
Chiral signal detection using plasmonic properties.

Main Results:

A strong, shifted chiral signal was successfully generated.
The platform demonstrated high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng mL(-1) for bisphenol A (BPA).
The system proved effective for detecting chiral molecules via nanoparticle assembly.

Conclusions:

The developed platform offers a novel and universal approach to chirality detection.
Immuno-recognition-driven nanoparticle assembly provides a sensitive and specific detection strategy.
This technology has significant potential for various applications requiring chiral analysis.