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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Cattell's 16 Personality Factors01:24

Cattell's 16 Personality Factors

Raymond Cattell's trait theory offers a structured framework for understanding personality by distinguishing between two critical traits: surface and source traits. Surface traits are observable patterns of behavior, such as indecisiveness, anxiety, and irrational fears. These traits are less stable, varying across situations and over time. This means that they are less helpful in understanding the deeper aspects of an individual's personality.
In contrast, source traits are the fundamental,...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
10:43

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Published on: July 1, 2014

The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version: reliability, validity, and factor structure in a nonclinical sample.

Daniel Conybeare1, Evelyn Behar, Ari Solomon

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA. conybeare@gmail.com

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) is a reliable and valid tool for assessing PTSD symptoms in college students, even those without a diagnosed trauma history.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological assessment
  • Mental health research
  • Trauma studies

Background:

  • The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) is widely used to screen for PTSD.
  • Its psychometric properties require validation in diverse populations, including nonclinical student samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PCL-C.
  • To assess the PCL-C's utility in unselected undergraduate students.

Main Methods:

  • The PCL-C was administered to 471 undergraduate students at a large university.
  • Participants were not preselected for trauma exposure or symptom severity.

Main Results:

  • The PCL-C demonstrated strong internal consistency and retest reliability.
  • It showed favorable convergent and discriminant validity compared to other PTSD measures.
  • Both 1-factor and 2-factor models of PTSD symptoms were supported in this sample.

Conclusions:

  • The PCL-C is a valid and reliable measure for PTSD symptoms in nonclinical student populations.
  • It may be superior to alternative PTSD assessment tools.
  • The factor structure in nonclinical samples might not align with traditional PTSD symptom clusters.