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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Updated: May 23, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Ionic liquids of cationic sandwich complexes.

Takashi Inagaki1, Tomoyuki Mochida, Masashi Takahashi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

New ionic liquids (ILs) based on ferrocenium and cobaltocenium cations were synthesized. These compounds exhibit unique thermal properties, magnetic-switching behavior, and phase transitions, offering insights into structure-property relationships.

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Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are liquid at low temperatures.
  • Ferrocenium and cobaltocenium complexes offer unique electronic and magnetic properties.
  • Tuning IL properties through cation and anion modification is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel ferrocenium and cobaltocenium ionic liquids with varying substituents.
  • To investigate the physical and thermal properties of these ILs.
  • To explore structure-property relationships, including the effect of molecular symmetry and substituents.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ferrocenium and cobaltocenium ILs with bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide anion.
  • Investigation of thermal properties (melting point, glass transition).
  • (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to study vibrational behavior.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized ferrocenium and cobaltocenium ILs with tunable properties.
  • Observed correlation between molecular symmetry, substituents, and melting points.
  • Demonstrated magnetic-switching phenomenon in a paramagnetic ferrocenium IL linked to liquid/solid transformation.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquid properties are significantly influenced by cation structure, substituents, and anion chain length.
  • Ferrocenium ILs can exhibit unique magnetic-switching behavior tied to phase transitions.
  • Further research into these ILs can lead to advanced materials with tailored functionalities.