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Related Concept Videos

The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
09:46

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Alternative pathway for atmospheric particles growth.

Maria Eugenia Monge1, Thomas Rosenørn, Olivier Favez

  • 1Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, 5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new light-activated process drives atmospheric particle growth by enabling the uptake of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This photochemical pathway, previously unaccounted for, impacts climate models and aerosol science.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber
09:46

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in the Harvard Environmental Chamber

Published on: November 18, 2018

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
13:29

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor

Published on: December 15, 2018

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
12:11

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry

Published on: April 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric chemistry
  • Aerosol science
  • Climate modeling

Background:

  • Atmospheric aerosols are crucial for Earth's radiative balance but present uncertainties.
  • Aerosol growth mechanisms, particularly involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are not fully understood.
  • Existing models often overlook key physicochemical pathways for aerosol formation and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel photoinduced pathways for atmospheric particle growth.
  • To identify unaccounted-for mechanisms driving aerosol size and mass increase.
  • To assess the role of light-activated heterogeneous reactions in aerosol modification.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental studies exposing seed aerosols to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and near-UV irradiation.
  • Observation of particle growth kinetics and chemical composition changes.
  • Comparison of experimentally determined growth rates with field observations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a new photoinduced pathway for particle growth.
  • Showcased light-activated heterogeneous reactions leading to rapid uptake of noncondensable VOCs.
  • Observed significant increases in aerosol size and mass, alongside chemical composition changes.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous reactions activated by light offer a new mechanism for atmospheric particle growth.
  • This photochemical process involving VOCs and photosensitizers can significantly impact aerosol dynamics.
  • The findings necessitate the inclusion of this pathway in climate and atmospheric models for improved accuracy.