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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Cervical disk pathology in patients with multiple sclerosis: two case reports.

Ann E Mullen1, Mary Ann Wilmarth, Sue Lowe

  • 1College of Professional Studies, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. annemullen@verizon.net

Physical Therapy
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cervical pathology can mimic multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Treating cervical issues alongside MS symptoms improved function in two patients, highlighting the importance of considering cervical disk disease in MS differential diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Physical Therapy
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis requires careful consideration of neurological symptoms, as cervical pathology can present similarly.
  • Physical therapy is often involved in managing MS, but cervical issues may be overlooked.
  • Cervical pathology can mimic or exacerbate MS relapsing-remitting symptoms.

Observation:

  • Two patients with relapsing MS were referred for physical therapy due to lack of response to standard treatment.
  • Both patients presented with neurological symptoms including cervical pain, fatigue, and gait disturbances.
  • MRI scans did not show new or worsening MS lesions, nor acute cervical pathology.

Findings:

  • Physical therapy focused on addressing cervical symptoms led to improvement in MS-related symptoms like dysmetria and balance disturbance.
  • Both patients experienced a decrease in cervical pain and spasm, correlating with reduced MS symptom severity.
  • Functional recovery was achieved by treating both cervical pathology and MS symptoms concurrently.

Implications:

  • Cervical disk disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients with MS presenting with specific symptoms and history.
  • Integrating treatment for cervical pathology with MS management can enhance functional outcomes.
  • This case report emphasizes the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach in complex neurological cases.