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Related Concept Videos

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM01:23

Role of Matrix Metalloproteases in Degradation of ECM

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of proteins and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are essential for the migration and proliferation of cells through the dense matrix network, throughout embryonic development, and throughout morphogenesis. The first MMP activity discovered was a collagenase in a tadpole's tail undergoing metamorphosis. The active collagen deposition and modifications lead to the morphogenesis of tadpoles into the adult body.
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...

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Bacterial Expression and Purification of Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 using Affinity Chromatography
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Bacterial Expression and Purification of Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 using Affinity Chromatography

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Molecular mechanisms regulating matrix metalloproteinases.

Christina Piperi1, Athanasios G Papavassiliou

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes involved in tissue homeostasis and disease. This review details the complex molecular mechanisms regulating MMP gene expression and activity, crucial for understanding their role in various pathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of 24 zinc-dependent enzymes.
  • Their diverse structures lead to varied functions, from tissue maintenance to roles in diseases like cancer and arthritis.
  • MMP activity is tightly regulated by complex mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms regulating MMP gene expression.
  • To explore transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of MMPs.
  • To discuss the impact of MMP mutations and SNPs on disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on MMP gene expression regulation.
  • Analysis of transcriptional control mechanisms.
  • Examination of post-transcriptional regulation, including mRNA stability and microRNA modulation.

Main Results:

  • MMP gene expression is regulated by integrating signals from multiple pathways to promoter cis-acting elements.
  • Epigenetic modifications, mRNA stability, and microRNA modulation are key post-transcriptional regulators.
  • Mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting MMP activity can influence disease susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • MMP regulation is complex, involving intricate transcriptional and post-transcriptional control.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is vital for comprehending MMPs' roles in health and disease.
  • Further research into MMP dysregulation may offer therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions.