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Aging-related alterations in human upper esophageal sphincter function.

S R Fulp1, C B Dalton, J A Castell

  • 1Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Aging significantly impacts swallowing mechanics, leading to lower resting upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure and delayed UES relaxation in elderly adults compared to younger individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Gerontology
  • Swallowing Physiology

Background:

  • Manometric catheter technology advancements enable more reliable pharyngeal (P) and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) swallowing mechanics measurement.
  • Limited research exists on the effects of normal aging on P and UES swallowing dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of normal aging on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter swallowing mechanics.
  • To compare P and UES dynamics in healthy elderly adults versus younger adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a solid-state intraluminal transducer system with microtransducers.
  • Studied 10 healthy elderly adults (age >60) and 10 younger adults (age <60).
  • Measured resting UES pressure and timing from pharyngeal contraction peak to UES nadir during dry swallows.

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Main Results:

  • Elderly adults exhibited significantly lower mean resting UES pressure (52 ± 5 mm Hg) compared to younger adults (72 ± 6 mm Hg).
  • A significant inverse relationship was observed between age and resting UES pressure (R = -0.54, p < 0.02).
  • The time from pharyngeal contraction peak to UES nadir was significantly shortened in the elderly (10 ± 30 ms) versus younger controls (90 ± 20 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Normal aging is associated with reduced resting upper esophageal sphincter pressure.
  • Aging leads to delayed upper esophageal sphincter relaxation relative to pharyngeal contraction peak.
  • These findings highlight age-related changes in key swallowing mechanisms.