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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Real Time RT-PCR02:57

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

The virtuous technology cycle concept and its application in next-generation sequencing.

Ying Pluess-Li1, Sandrine Bongiovanni, Edward J Oakeley

  • 1Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research (NIBR), Biomarker Development (BMD), Basel, Switzerland.

Drug Discovery Today
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leveraging external scientific technology, like next-generation sequencing (NGS), enhances pharmaceutical R&D efficiency. The virtuous technology cycle (VTC) concept optimizes this external access for drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Research and Development
  • Biotechnology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • External access to scientific technology is crucial for pharmaceutical R&D.
  • Benefits include cost reduction, faster development, and access to expertise.
  • A framework for optimizing internal and external technology integration is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the virtuous technology cycle (VTC) concept.
  • Demonstrate VTC's application to next-generation sequencing (NGS).
  • Illustrate how VTC enhances technology access, flexibility, and efficiency in drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual framework development.
  • Exemplification of the VTC concept using next-generation sequencing (NGS) case studies.
  • Analysis of challenges associated with external NGS technology access.

Main Results:

  • The VTC concept provides a framework for managing internal and external technology access.
  • Application of VTC to NGS shows significant increases in accessed technologies.
  • VTC enhances flexibility and efficiency in the drug discovery pipeline.

Conclusions:

  • The virtuous technology cycle (VTC) concept effectively optimizes external technology access in pharmaceutical R&D.
  • VTC application, particularly with NGS, boosts drug discovery efficiency and flexibility.
  • Addressing challenges in external technology access is key for VTC implementation.