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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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"Sun's Seven-Step Technique" for Endoscopic En-Bloc Resection of Thyroid Cancer via the Chest-Breast Approach
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Lateral ectopic thyroid: a case diagnosed preoperatively.

Héctor Prado1, Alejandro Prado, Bertha Castillo

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Distrito Federal, México. hmpradoc@hotmail.com

Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ectopic thyroid, thyroid tissue outside the neck, is rare. Lateral ectopic thyroid presents as a neck mass and requires differential diagnosis from cancer and other conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Embryology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid is thyroid tissue found outside its normal pretracheal location, often due to embryologic migration disturbances.
  • It most commonly presents as lingual thyroid or thyroglossal duct cyst, but lateral cervical ectopic thyroid is rare (1-3% of cases).

Observation:

  • Lateral ectopic thyroid can present as a neck mass, mimicking metastatic thyroid cancer, branchial cleft cyst, or other tumors.
  • Diagnosis involves imaging (scintigraphy, ultrasound, CT/MRI), fine-needle aspiration, and thyroid function tests.

Findings:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue may be the only thyroid tissue present or occur with orthotopic/ectopic tissue.
  • Asymptomatic cases with normal function and cytology require no treatment; hypothyroidism necessitates hormone replacement.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial to differentiate ectopic thyroid from malignancy.
  • Surgical intervention is reserved for suspected malignancy, symptomatic patients, or failed medical management.