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Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency
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Published on: September 11, 2016

Ecotoxicological risks associated with tannery effluent wastewater.

Lubna Shakir1, Sohail Ejaz2, Muhammad Ashraf3

  • 1Angiogenesis and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Hajvery University, Lahore, Pakistan.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tannery wastewater in Pakistan poses significant environmental risks due to chromium. Hexavalent chromium is more toxic than trivalent chromium, impacting human health, aquaculture, and agriculture.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Pakistan's developing agrarian economy faces water pollution challenges.
  • The leather industry contributes significantly to environmental concerns due to toxic tannery wastewater (TW).
  • Tanneries release wastewater containing hazardous trivalent and hexavalent chromium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the eco-toxic potential of tannery effluent wastewater (TW) and its chromium components.
  • To compare the toxicity of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) and trivalent chromium (chromium sulfate).
  • To assess the impact of TW and chromium on various biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis to quantify chromium in TW.
  • Cytotoxicity assays using vero cells.
  • Artemia bioassay (brine shrimp) and phytotoxicity assays (maize seed germination).

Main Results:

  • All tested concentrations of TW, potassium dichromate, and chromium sulfate showed concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects.
  • Potassium dichromate exhibited significantly higher toxicity to cells, brine shrimp, and maize seed germination compared to chromium sulfate and TW.
  • Toxicity effects of TW were generally less severe than those of potassium dichromate.

Conclusions:

  • Hexavalent chromium and TW possess significant eco-damaging potential.
  • High chromium levels in the environment pose considerable risks to human populations, aquaculture, and agriculture in areas surrounding tanneries.
  • The environmental burden in districts like Kasur is substantial, threatening the local ecosystem.