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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

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Spin caloritronics.

Gerrit E W Bauer1, Eiji Saitoh, Bart J van Wees

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. g.e.w.bauer@imr.tohoku.ac.jp

Nature Materials
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spin caloritronics explores the interplay of spin, charge, and heat currents in magnetic materials. This field investigates phenomena like the spin Seebeck effect for potential applications in thermoelectric devices and sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spintronics utilizes electron spin and charge transport.
  • Spin caloritronics investigates spin-current interactions with heat.
  • Recent discoveries drive improvements in thermoelectric devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of spin, charge, and heat current coupling in magnetic nanostructures.
  • To classify known phenomena in spin caloritronics.
  • To highlight the experimental state-of-the-art.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and experimental findings.
  • Classification of phenomena into independent electron and collective effects.
  • Analysis of magnetic thin films and nanostructures.

Main Results:

  • Phenomena are categorized as independent electron effects (e.g., spin-dependent Seebeck) in metals.
  • Collective effects (e.g., spin Seebeck) driven by spin waves also occur in insulators.
  • Understanding the coupling of spin, charge, and heat is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Spin caloritronics offers new physical effects and device strategies.
  • Potential applications include heat sensors and waste heat recycling.
  • Further research is ongoing to realize practical applications.