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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks.

Hugen Yan1, Xuesong Li, Bhupesh Chandra

  • 1IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA.

Nature Nanotechnology
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Transparent photonic devices utilizing graphene/insulator stacks enhance plasmonic resonance. This novel approach boosts performance for infrared and terahertz applications, overcoming limitations of single-layer graphene.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Graphene plasmons offer tunability and low loss but suffer from weak carrier concentration dependence in single layers.
  • Limited plasmonic resonance in single-layer graphene restricts its use in advanced photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop transparent photonic devices with enhanced plasmonic properties using graphene/insulator stacks.
  • To investigate the non-classical plasmon behavior in multi-layer graphene structures.
  • To demonstrate the application of these devices as tunable infrared and terahertz filters and polarizers.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of wafer-scale graphene/insulator stacks with photonic-crystal-like structures.
  • Experimental characterization of plasmonic resonance in the stacks.
  • Demonstration of notch filters and linear polarizers using patterned stacks.

Main Results:

  • Graphene/insulator stacks exhibit enhanced plasmonic resonance frequency and magnitude compared to single-layer graphene.
  • The plasmon in these stacks is confirmed to be non-classical.
  • Patterned stacks achieved tunable far-infrared notch filters (8.2 dB rejection) and terahertz linear polarizers (9.5 dB extinction).
  • An unpatterned stack effectively shielded electromagnetic radiation below 1.2 THz.

Conclusions:

  • Distributing carriers across multiple graphene layers in stacks significantly enhances plasmonic performance.
  • The observed effects stem from the unique carrier density scaling law of Dirac fermion plasmonics.
  • These graphene/insulator stacks are promising for developing transparent mid- and far-infrared photonic devices.