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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies
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The Cassava Genome: Current Progress, Future Directions.

Simon Prochnik, Pradeep Reddy Marri, Brian Desany

    Tropical Plant Biology
    |April 24, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cassava genome sequencing advances disease resistance and nutritional improvement. This research provides essential genomic resources to accelerate breeding programs for this vital global food and bioenergy crop.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Plant Science
    • Agricultural Science

    Background:

    • Cassava is a crucial food source for billions and a potential bioenergy crop.
    • Improving cassava's nutritional content and disease resistance is vital but currently limited.
    • Cassava brown streak disease poses a significant threat to crop yield and food security.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assemble and analyze the cassava genome to identify genes for improved traits.
    • To develop genomic resources and tools for accelerating cassava breeding programs.
    • To understand the genetic basis of disease resistance in cassava.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole genome shotgun sequencing using 454 technology.
    • Assembly of the cassava genome, covering 69% of its predicted size and 96% of protein-coding genes.
    • Development of high-density linkage maps using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and SNP markers.
    • Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to catalog SNPs in diverse cassava varieties.

    Main Results:

    • A significant portion of the cassava genome has been sequenced and assembled.
    • Over 30,000 genes and 3,400 alternative splice forms have been predicted.
    • Existing maps based on SSR and SNP markers are being enhanced.
    • A high-density linkage map is under development from a cross between resistant and susceptible cassava cultivars.

    Conclusions:

    • The generated cassava genome sequence and associated resources will accelerate marker-assisted breeding.
    • These advancements will facilitate improvements in cassava's disease resistance and nutritional value.
    • Understanding the genetic architecture of disease resistance will aid in developing more resilient cassava varieties.