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Paraoxonase 1 in chronic kidney failure
Alejandro Gugliucci1, Kazuhiko Kotani, Satoshi Kimura
1Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University-California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
Journal of Lipids
|April 24, 2012
Summary
Reduced paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity is common in renal failure, contributing to atherosclerosis. Interventions like vitamin C and flavonoids may help improve PON1 activity in chronic kidney disease patients.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Science
Background:
- Reduced serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity is a recognized issue in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients.
- This decrease in PON1 activity is linked to accelerated atherosclerosis development in these populations.
- PON1 plays a crucial role in hydrolyzing oxidized lipids, thus possessing anti-atherogenic properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature and laboratory findings on decreased PON1 activity in renal failure.
- To explore the proposed mechanisms behind PON1 inactivation in renal failure.
- To evaluate the impact of various interventions on PON1 activity in renal failure patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and summary of laboratory findings.
- Analysis of proposed mechanisms for PON1 inactivation, including the role of uremic toxins.
- Assessment of intervention effects, such as hemodialysis, vitamin C, and flavonoids, on PON1 activity.
Main Results:
- Serum PON1 lactonase activity is significantly lower in ESRD patients.
- Hemodialysis partially restores PON1 activity, suggesting uremic toxins contribute to its inactivation.
- Lower PON1 activity in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients correlates with low thiol concentration and high C-reactive protein (CRP), and is enhanced by vitamin C and flavonoids.
Conclusions:
- Decreased PON1 activity is a significant factor in renal failure, potentially driving atherosclerosis.
- Uremic toxins and alterations in HDL subclasses likely contribute to PON1 inactivation.
- Further research is needed on mechanistic studies, predictive value of PON1 activity measurement, and intervention strategies to increase PON1 activity.
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