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Proactive and reactive control in S-R compatibility: a brain potential analysis.

Karen L Mansfield1, Maurits W van der Molen, Geert J M van Boxtel

  • 1Department of Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.

Psychophysiology
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals how proactive and reactive control manage performance in complex stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) tasks. Findings show proactive control aids mapping selection, while reactive control corrects errors, especially during task switching.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Factors

Background:

  • Stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) tasks involve selecting appropriate responses to stimuli.
  • Understanding control mechanisms in complex cognitive tasks is crucial for performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of proactive and reactive control in mixed SRC tasks.
  • To elucidate the neural underpinnings of these control processes using electroencephalography (EEG).

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed mixed SRC tasks with varying trial types (compatible, incompatible).
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) and lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) were recorded.
  • Analysis focused on stimulus-locked and response-locked components.

Main Results:

  • SRC effects were diminished in mixed tasks and reversed after incompatible trials.
  • Early response activation (LRPs) was reduced following incompatible trials.
  • A late-onset negative component (N-120) and enhanced response-locked LRP were observed after incompatible trials.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive control is implicated in initial stimulus-response (S-R) mapping selection.
  • Reactive control actively corrects S-R mappings, particularly during task alternation.
  • These findings support a dual-route model of cognitive control in SRC tasks.